TL431ACDR

Part: TL431, TL432 from Texas Instruments

Type: Precision Programmable Reference / Adjustable Shunt Regulator

Key Specs:

• Reference voltage tolerance at 25°C: 0.5% (B grade), 1% (A grade), 2% (Standard grade)
• Adjustable output voltage: Vref to 36V
• Operation temperature range: −40°C to 125°C
• Typical temperature drift (TL43xB): 6mV (C temp), 14mV (I temp, Q temp)
• Typical output impedance: 0.2Ω
• Sink-current capability: 1mA to 100mA

Features:

• Reference voltage tolerance at 25°C
• Adjustable output voltage
• Operation from −40°C to 125°C
• Typical temperature drift
• Low Output Noise
• 0.2Ω Typical output impedance
• Sink-current capability: 1mA to 100mA
• Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turnon characteristic
• Excellent replacements for Zener diodes
• Specified thermal stability

Applications:

• Rack server power
• Industrial AC/DC
• AC inverter & VF drives
• Servo drive control module
• Notebook PC power adapter design
• On-board regulation
• Adjustable power supplies
• Switching power supplies

Package:

• SOT-23-3 (3): 2.90mm × 1.30mm
• SOT-23-5 (5): 2.90mm × 1.60mm
• SOIC (8): 4.90mm × 3.90mm
• PDIP (8): 9.50mm × 6.35mm
• SOP (8): 6.20mm × 5.30mm

• Reference voltage tolerance at 25°C
  • 0.5% (B grade)
  • 1% (A grade)
  • 2% (Standard grade)
• Adjustable output voltage: Vref to 36V
• Operation from −40°C to 125°C
• Typical temperature drift (TL43xB)
  • 6mV (C temp)
  • 14mV (I temp, Q temp)
• Low Output Noise
• 0.2Ω Typical output impedance
• Sink-current capability: 1mA to 100mA

• Rack server power
• Industrial AC/DC
• AC inverter & VF drives
• Servo drive control module
• Notebook PC power adapter design

Simplified Schematic

TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . D (SOIC) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)

NC − No internal connection

TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . PK (SOT-89) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)

TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . DBV (SOT-23-5) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)

NC − No internal connection † Pin 2 is attached to Substrate and must be connected to ANODE or left open.

TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . DBZ (SOT-23-3) PACKAGE

* - Must be connected to ANODE or left open

TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . P (PDIP), PS (SOP), OR PW (TSSOP) PACKAGE

NC − No internal connection

TL432, TL432A, TL432B . . . PK (SOT-89) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)

TL432, TL432A, TL432B . . . DBV (SOT-23-5) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)

NC − No internal connection

TL432, TL432A, TL432B . . . DBZ (SOT-23-3) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)

Table 5-1. Pin Functions

| | | | | | PIN | |---------|-----|-----|----|---------------|-------------|----|-----|-----|--------|----|------|------------------------------------------| | | | | | TL431x | | | | | TL432x | | TYPE | DESCRIPTION | | NAME | DBZ | DBV | PK | D | P, PS
PW | LP | DCK | DBZ | DBV | PK | | CATHODE | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | I/O | Shunt Current/Voltage input | | REF | 2 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | I | Threshold relative to common anode | | ANODE | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2, 3, 6,
7 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | O | Common pin, normally connected to ground |

over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

⁽¹⁾ The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Temperature Coefficient.

Product Folder Links: TL431 TL432

⁽²⁾ The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Dynamic Impedance.

6.6 Electrical Characteristics, TL431I, TL432I

over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

⁽¹⁾ The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Temperature Coefficient.

⁽²⁾ The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Dynamic Impedance.

6.7 Electrical Characteristics, TL431Q, TL432Q

over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

⁽¹⁾ The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Temperature Coefficient.

Product Folder Links: TL431 TL432

⁽²⁾ The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Dynamic Impedance.

6.8 Electrical Characteristics, TL431AC, TL432AC

over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

⁽¹⁾ The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Temperature Coefficient.

⁽²⁾ The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Dynamic Impedance.

6.9 Electrical Characteristics, TL431AI, TL432AI

over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

⁽¹⁾ The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Temperature Coefficient.

Product Folder Links: TL431 TL432

⁽²⁾ The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Dynamic Impedance.

6.10 Electrical Characteristics, TL431AQ, TL432AQ

over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

⁽¹⁾ The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Temperature Coefficient.

⁽²⁾ The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Dynamic Impedance.

6.11 Electrical Characteristics, TL431BC, TL432BC

over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

⁽¹⁾ The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Temperature Coefficient.

Product Folder Links: TL431 TL432

⁽²⁾ The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Dynamic Impedance.

6.12 Electrical Characteristics, TL431BI, TL432BI

over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

⁽¹⁾ The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Temperature Coefficient.

⁽²⁾ The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Dynamic Impedance.

6.13 Electrical Characteristics, TL431BQ, TL432BQ

over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

⁽¹⁾ The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Temperature Coefficient.

Product Folder Links: TL431 TL432

⁽²⁾ The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Dynamic Impedance.

6.14 Typical Characteristics

Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.

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Temperature

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Delta Cathode Voltage vs Free-Air Temperature

−1 −2 −4 −5 −6 3 −3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 4 7 8 9 10 5 6 t − Time − s f = 0.1 to 10 Hz IKA = 10 mA T^A = 25°C − Equivalent Input Noise V oltage − µV Vⁿ

Figure 6-7. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage vs Frequency

Figure 6-8. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage Over a 10S Period

Figure 6-9. Test Circuit for Equivalent Input Noise Voltage Over a 10S Period

Figure 6-10. Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs Frequency

Figure 6-11. Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification

Output 50 Ω GND

Figure 6-13. Test Circuit for Reference Impedance

Figure 6-12. Reference Impedance vs Frequency

Figure 6-15. Test Circuit for Pulse Response

Figure 6-14. Pulse Response

TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVE A

TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVES B, C, AND D

Figure 6-16. Stability Boundary Conditions for All TL431 and TL431A Devices (Except for SOT23-3, SC-70, and Q-Temp Devices)

cause the device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ are adjusted to establish the initial $V_{KA}$ and $I_{KA}$ conditions, with $C_L$ = 0. VBATT and $C_L$ then are adjusted to determine the

Figure 6-17. Test Circuits for Stability Boundary Conditions

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ranges of stability.

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The areas under the curves represent conditions that can cause the device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ are adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IKA conditions, with CL = 0. VBATT and CL then are adjusted to determine the ranges of stability.

Figure 6-18. Stability Boundary Conditions for All TL431B, TL432, SOT-23, SC-70, and Q-Temp Devices

Figure 6-19. Test Circuit for Stability Boundary Conditions

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7 Parameter Measurement Information

Figure 7-1. Test Circuit for $V_{KA} = V_{ref}$

Figure 7-2. Test Circuit for $V_{KA} > V_{ref}$

Figure 7-3. Test Circuit for Ioff

7.1 Temperature Coefficient

The deviation of the reference voltage, $V_{ref}$ , over the full temperature range is known as $V_{I(dev)}$ . The parameter of $V_{I(dev)}$ can be used to find the temperature coefficient of the device. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, $\alpha_{Vref}$ , is defined as:

$$\left| \alpha_{\text{vref}} \right| \left( \frac{\text{ppm}}{^{\circ}\text{C}} \right) = \frac{\left( \frac{\text{V}{\text{I(dev)}}}{\text{V}{\text{ref}} \text{ at 25}^{\circ}\text{C}} \right) \times 10^{6}}{\Delta T_{\text{A}}}$$

where

$\Delta T_{\mbox{\scriptsize A}}$ is the rated operating temperature range of the device.

$\alpha_{Vref}$ is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum $V_{ref}$ or maximum $V_{ref}$ , respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. The full-range temperature coefficient is an average and therefore any subsection of the rated operating temperature range can yield a value that is greater or less than the average. For more details on temperature coefficient, refer to the Voltage Reference Selection Basics White Paper.

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over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)

⁽¹⁾ Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

(2) All voltage values are with respect to ANODE, unless otherwise noted.

See (1)

⁽²⁾ JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Manufacturing with less than 250V CDM is possible with the necessary precautions.

| | | | | | | TL43xx | |-------------------|-------------------------------------------------|--------|-----|----|--------|--------|--------|-----|-----|----|------| | THERMAL METRIC(1) | | P | PW | D | PS | DCK | DBV | DBZ | LP | PK | UNIT | | | | 8 PINS | | | 6 PINS | 5 PINS | 3 PINS | | RθJA | Junction-to-ambient
thermal resistance | 85 | 149 | 97 | 95 | 259 | 206 | 206 | 140 | 52 | °C/W | | RθJC(top) | Junction-to-case
(top) thermal
resistance | 57 | 65 | 39 | 46 | 87 | 131 | 76 | 55 | 9 | °C/W |

⁽¹⁾ For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report (SPRA953)

6.4 Recommended Operating Conditions

See (1)

⁽²⁾ JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Manufacturing with less than 250V CDM is possible with the necessary precautions.