LM324
Quadruple Operational AmplifierThe LM324 is a quadruple operational amplifier from Texas Instruments. View the full LM324 datasheet below including electrical characteristics, absolute maximum ratings.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments
Category
Quadruple Operational Amplifier
Overview
Part: LM324B, LM324BA, LM2902B, LM2902BA Quadruple Operational Amplifiers
Type: Quadruple Operational Amplifier
Description: Next-generation, high-voltage (36V) quadruple operational amplifiers offering low offset voltage (±2mV max for BA versions), common-mode input range to ground, and high ESD ratings, designed for cost-sensitive and environmentally challenging applications.
Operating Conditions:
- Supply voltage: 3V to 36V
- Operating temperature: -40 to +85 °C (LM324Bx), -40 to +125 °C (LM2902Bx)
- Common-mode voltage: V- to (V+) - 1.5V (for VS=3V to 36V)
Absolute Maximum Ratings:
- Max supply voltage: 40 V
- Max junction temperature: 150 °C
- Max storage temperature: -65 to 150 °C
Key Specs:
- Input offset voltage (VOS): ±3.0 mV (LM324B), ±2 mV (LM324BA) at TA=25°C
- Input bias current (IB): -35 nA (max) at TA=25°C
- Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR): 70 dB (min) for VS=3V to 36V
- Open-loop voltage gain (AOL): 50 V/mV (min) for VS=15V, RL ≥ 10kΩ
- Gain-bandwidth product (GBW): 1.2 MHz (typ)
- Slew rate (SR): 0.5 V/μs (typ)
- ESD HBM: ±1000 V (LM324B, LM324BA, LM2902B, LM2902BA)
- ESD CDM: ±1000 V (LM324B, LM324BA, LM2902B, LM2902BA)
Features:
- Next-generation LM324B and LM2902B
- B versions are drop-in replacements for all versions of LM224, LM324, and LM2902
- Low input offset voltage: ±2mV (BA version) / 3mV (B version)
- ESD rating: ±1000V (HBM), ±1000V (CDM) for B/BA versions
- Low input bias current: 50nA maximum (across -40°C to +125°C)
Applications:
- Merchant network and server power supply units
- Multi-function printers
- Power supplies and mobile chargers
Package:
- D (SOIC, 14)
- PW (TSSOP, 14)
- N (PDIP, 14)
- NS (SOP, 14)
- DB (SSOP, 14)
- FK (LCCC, 20)
- J (CDIP, 14)
- W (CFP, 14)
- RTE (WQFN, 16)
Features
- Next-generation LM324B and LM2902B
- B versions are drop-in replacements for all versions of LM224, LM324, and LM2902
- Improved specifications of B version
- -Supply range: 3V to 36V (B, BA versions)
- -Low input offset voltage: ±2mV (BA version) / 3mV (B version)
- -ESD rating: 2kV (HBM), 1.5kV (CDM)
- -EMI rejection: integrated RF and EMI filter
- -Low input bias current: 50nA maximum (across -40°C to +125°C)
- Common-mode input voltage range includes V-
- Input voltage differential are drivable up to the supply voltage
- For dual B versions, see LM358B and LM2904B
Applications
- Merchant network and server power supply units
- Multi-function printers
- Power supplies and mobile chargers
- Desktop PC and motherboard
- Indoor and outdoor air conditioners
- Washers, dryers, and refrigerators
- AC inverters, string inverters, central inverters, and voltage frequency drives
- Uninterruptible power supplies
Pin Configuration
Figure 5-1. D, DB, J, N, NS, PW, W Packages, 14-Pin SOIC, SSOP, CDIP, PDIP, SO, TSSOP, CFP (Top View)
Table 5-1. Pin Functions
Figure 5-2. FK Package, 20-Pin LCCC (Top View)
| PIN | PIN | PIN | TYPE |
|---|---|---|---|
| NAME | NO. | NO. | TYPE |
| NAME | FK (LCCC) | D (SOIC), DB (SSOP), J (CDIP), N (PDIP), NS (SO), PW (TSSOP), W(CFP) | TYPE |
| 1IN- | 3 | 2 | Input |
| 1IN+ | 4 | 3 | Input |
| 1OUT | 2 | 1 | Output |
| 2IN- | 9 | 6 | Input |
| 2IN+ | 8 | 5 | Input |
| 2OUT | 10 | 7 | Output |
| 3IN- | 13 | 9 | Input |
| 3IN+ | 14 | 10 | Input |
| 3OUT | 12 | 8 | Output |
| 4IN- | 19 | 13 | Input |
| 4IN+ | 18 | 12 | Input |
| 4OUT | 20 | 14 | Output |
| NC | 1, 5, 7, 11, 15, 17 | - | - |
| VCC- | 16 | 11 | - |
| VCC+ | 6 | 4 | - |
Figure 5-3. RTE Package, 16-Pin WQFN (Top View)
Figure 5-2. FK Package, 20-Pin LCCC (Top View)
Table 5-2. Pin Functions
| PIN | PIN | TYPE | DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|---|---|
| NAME | NO. | TYPE | DESCRIPTION |
| 1IN- | 16 | Input | Negative input |
| 1IN+ | 1 | Input | Positive input |
| 1OUT | 15 | Output | Output |
| 2IN- | 5 | Input | Negative input |
| 2IN+ | 4 | Input | Positive input |
| 2OUT | 6 | Output | Output |
| 3IN- | 8 | Input | Negative input |
| 3IN+ | 9 | Input | Positive input |
| 3OUT | 7 | Output | Output |
| 4IN- | 13 | Input | Negative input |
| 4IN+ | 12 | Input | Positive input |
| 4OUT | 14 | Output | Output |
| NC | 3, 10 | - | Do not connect |
| VCC- | 11 | - | Negative (lowest) supply or ground (for single-supply operation) |
| VCC+ | 2 | - | Positive (highest) supply |
Table 5-2. Pin Functions
Electrical Characteristics
for V S = (V+) - (V-) = 5V to 36V (±2.5V to ±18V), at T A = 25°C, V CM = V OUT = VS / 2, and RL = 10k connected to V S / 2 (unless otherwise noted)
| PARAMETER | TEST CONDITIONS | MIN | TYP | MAX | UNIT | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OFFSET VOLTAGE | OFFSET VOLTAGE | OFFSET VOLTAGE | OFFSET VOLTAGE | OFFSET VOLTAGE | OFFSET VOLTAGE | OFFSET VOLTAGE | OFFSET VOLTAGE |
| V OS | Input offset voltage | LM324B | ±0.6 | ±3.0 | mV | ||
| V OS | Input offset voltage | T A = -40°C to +85°C | ±4.0 | mV | |||
| V OS | Input offset voltage | ±0.3 | ±2 | mV | |||
| V OS | Input offset voltage | LM324BA | T A = -40°C to +85°C | 2.5 | mV | ||
| dV OS /dT | Input offset voltage drift | R S = 0Ω | T A = -40°C to +85°C | ±7 | μV/°C | ||
| PSRR | Input offset voltage versus power supply | 65 | 100 | dB | |||
| Channel separation | f = 1kHz to 20kHz | 120 | dB | ||||
| INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE | INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE | INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE | INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE | INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE | INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE | INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE | INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE |
| V CM | Common-mode voltage | V S = 3V to 36V | V- | (V+) - 1.5 | V | ||
| V CM | Common-mode voltage | V S = 5V to 36V, T A = -40°C to +85°C | V- | (V+) - 2 | V | ||
| CMRR | Common-mode rejection ratio | V S = 3V to 36V, (V-) ≤ V CM ≤ (V+) - 1.5V | 70 | 80 | dB | ||
| CMRR | Common-mode rejection ratio | V S = 5V to 36V, (V-) ≤ V CM ≤ (V+) - 2V, T A = -40°C to | +85°C | 65 | 80 | dB | |
| INPUT BIAS CURRENT | INPUT BIAS CURRENT | INPUT BIAS CURRENT | INPUT BIAS CURRENT | INPUT BIAS CURRENT | INPUT BIAS CURRENT | INPUT BIAS CURRENT | INPUT BIAS CURRENT |
| I B | Input bias current | -10 | -35 | nA | |||
| I B | Input bias current | T A = -40°C to +85°C | -60 | ||||
| dI OS /dT | Input offset current drift | T A = -40°C to +85°C | 10 | pA/°C | |||
| I OS | Input offset current | T = -40°C to +85°C | ±0.5 | ±4 | nA | ||
| dI OS | Input offset current drift | A T A = -40°C to +85°C | 10 | ±5 | |||
| /dT | pA/°C | ||||||
| NOISE | NOISE | NOISE | NOISE | NOISE | NOISE | NOISE | NOISE |
| E N | Input voltage noise | f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz | 3 | μV PP | |||
| e N | Input voltage noise density | R S = 100Ω, V I = 0V, f = 1kHz (see Figure 6-2 for test circuit) | 35 | nV/√Hz | |||
| INPUT CAPACITANCE | INPUT CAPACITANCE | INPUT CAPACITANCE | INPUT CAPACITANCE | INPUT CAPACITANCE | INPUT CAPACITANCE | INPUT CAPACITANCE | INPUT CAPACITANCE |
| Z ID | Differential | 10 \ | \ | 0.1 | |||
| Z ICM | Common-mode | 4 \ | \ | 1.5 | |||
| OPEN-LOOP GAIN | OPEN-LOOP GAIN | OPEN-LOOP GAIN | OPEN-LOOP GAIN | OPEN-LOOP GAIN | OPEN-LOOP GAIN | OPEN-LOOP GAIN | OPEN-LOOP GAIN |
| A OL | Open-loop voltage gain | V S = 15V, V O = 1V to 11V, R L ≥ 10kΩ, | 50 | 100 | V/mV | ||
| A OL | Open-loop voltage gain | connected to (V-) | T A = -40°C to +85°C | 25 | V/mV | ||
| FREQUENCY RESPONSE | FREQUENCY RESPONSE | FREQUENCY RESPONSE | FREQUENCY RESPONSE | FREQUENCY RESPONSE | FREQUENCY RESPONSE | FREQUENCY RESPONSE | FREQUENCY RESPONSE |
| GBW | Gain-bandwidth product | R L = 1MΩ, C L = 20pF (see Figure 6-1 for test circuit) | 1.2 | MHz | |||
| SR | Slew rate | R L = 1MΩ, C L = 30pF, V I = ±10V (see Figure 6-1 for test | circuit) | 0.5 | V/μs | ||
| Θ m | Phase margin | G = +1, R L = 10kΩ, C L = 20pF | 56 | ° | |||
| t S | Settling time | To 0.1%, V S = 5V, 2V step, G = +1, C L = 100pF | 4 | μs | |||
| Overload recovery time | V IN × gain > V S | 10 | μs | ||||
| THD+N | Total harmonic distortion + noise | G = +1, f = 1kHz, V O = 3.53V RMS , V S = 36V, R L = 100kΩ, I ≤ 50μA, BW = 80kHz | OUT | 0.001% |
SLOS066AE - AUGUST 1975 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025
Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)
| LM324B, LM324BA, LM2902B, LM2902BA | LM324B, LM324BA, LM2902B, LM2902BA | LM2902 | LM2902 | LM324xx, LM224xx, LM2902xxx, LM124x | LM324xx, LM224xx, LM2902xxx, LM124x | UNIT | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIN | MAX | MIN | MAX | MIN | MAX | UNIT | ||
| Supply voltage, V CC (2) | Supply voltage, V CC (2) | 40 | 26 | 32 | V | |||
| Differential input voltage, V ID (3) | Differential input voltage, V ID (3) | ±40 | ±26 | ±32 | V | |||
| Input voltage, V I (either input) | Input voltage, V I (either input) | -0.3 | 40 | -0.3 | 26 | -0.3 | 32 | V |
| Duration of output short circuit (one amplifier) to ground at (or below) T A = 25°C, V CC ≤ 15V (4) | Duration of output short circuit (one amplifier) to ground at (or below) T A = 25°C, V CC ≤ 15V (4) | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | |
| Operating virtual junction temperature, T J | Operating virtual junction temperature, T J | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | °C | |
| Case temperature for 60 seconds | FK package | 260 | °C | |||||
| Lead temperature 1.6mm (1/16 inch) from case for 60 seconds | J or Wpackage | 300 | 300 | °C | ||||
| Storage temperature, T stg | Storage temperature, T stg | -65 | 150 | -65 | 150 | -65 | 150 | °C |
- (2) All voltage values (except differential voltages and V CC specified for the measurement of I OS ) are with respect to the network GND.
- (3) Differential voltages are at IN+, with respect to IN-.
- (4) Short circuits from outputs to V CC can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction.
Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
| LM324B, LM324BA, LM2902B, LM2902BA | LM324B, LM324BA, LM2902B, LM2902BA | LM2902 | LM2902 | LM324xx, LM224xx, LM2902xxx, LM124x | LM324xx, LM224xx, LM2902xxx, LM124x | UNIT | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIN | MAX | MIN | MAX | MIN | MAX | UNIT | |||
| V CC | Supply voltage | Supply voltage | 3 | 36 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 30 | V |
| V CM | Common-mode voltage | Common-mode voltage | 0 | V CC - 2 | 0 | V CC - 2 | 0 | V CC - 2 | V |
| T A | LM124x | -55 | 125 | °C | |||||
| T A | LM2902xxx, LM2902Bx | -40 | 125 | -40 | 125 | °C | |||
| T A | LM324Bx | -40 | 85 | °C | |||||
| T A | LM224xx | -25 | 85 | °C | |||||
| T A | LM324xx | 0 | 70 | °C |
Thermal Information
| LMx24, LM2902 | LMx24, LM2902 | LMx24, LM2902 | LMx24, LM2902 | LMx24, LM2902 | LMx24, LM2902 | LMx24 | LMx24 | LMx24 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THERMAL METRIC (1) | THERMAL METRIC (1) | D (SOIC) | DB (SSOP) | N (PDIP) | NS (SO) | PW (TSSOP) | RTE (WQFN) | FK (LCCC) | J (CDIP) | W (CFP) |
| 14 PINS | 14 PINS | 14 PINS | 14 PINS | 14 PINS | 16 PINS | 20 PINS | 14 PINS | 14 PINS | ||
| R θJA (2) (3) | Junction-to- ambient thermal resistance | 99.3 | 106.5 | 83.5 | 90.4 | 124.7 | 64.9 | 74.5 | 84.7 | 153.4 |
| R θJC(top) (4) | Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance | 60.4 | 55.5 | 62.0 | 48.0 | 57.9 | 68.8 | 49.9 | 37.5 | 72.7 |
| R θJB | Junction-to-board thermal resistance | 57.5 | 56.8 | 57.7 | 49.2 | 80.7 | 40.2 | 49.0 | 72.2 | 146.5 |
| ψ JT | Junction-to-top characterization parameter | 19.8 | 18.2 | 40.5 | 14.4 | 8.4 | 4.9 | 42.9 | 31.0 | 48.3 |
| ψ JB | Junction-to-board characterization parameter | 57.0 | 55.8 | 57.1 | 48.8 | 79.8 | 40.0 | 48.9 | 67.3 | 129.2 |
| R θJC(bot) | Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance | - | - | - | - | - | 23.6 | 7.3 | 18.8 | 10.1 |
Typical Application
The LMx24 and LM2902 operational amplifiers are useful in a wide range of signal conditioning applications. Inputs are able to be powered before VCC for flexibility in multiple supply circuits.
Related Variants
The following components are covered by the same datasheet.
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